o manual para a vida para Leigos
The ancient Stoics are often misunderstood because the terms they used pertained to different concepts in the past than they do today. The word "stoic" has come to mean "unemotional" or indifferent to pain because Stoic ethics taught freedom from "passion" by following "reason".
†Use those reminders and meditate on them daily—let them be the building blocks of living your life to the fullest and not wasting a second.
in Stoicism the art of journaling is more than some simple diary. This daily practice is the philosophy. Preparing for the day ahead. Reflecting on the day that has passed. Reminding oneself of the wisdom we have learned from our teachers, from our reading, from our own experiences.
C.E., Athenodorus of Tarsus and Arius Didymus, as precursors of one of the greatest and most controversial Stoic figures, Seneca. Both Athenodorus and Arius were personal counselors to the first emperor, Augustus, and Arius even wrote a letter of consolation to Livia, Augustus’ wife, addressing the death of her son, which Seneca later hailed as a reference work of emotional therapy, the sort of work he himself engaged in and became famous for.
†Despite the interest in Stoicism displayed by other Renaissance figures, even outside of philosophy (for example, the poet Petrarch), Neostoicism never really became a movement, and its import largely rests on the impact of Lipsius’ writings, and perhaps on the influence of Montaigne.
The defeat of the King of Pontus, and consequently of Athens, spelled disaster for the latter and led to a diaspora of philosophers throughout the Mediterranean.
The naturalistic system of ethics developed by the Stoics bridges what would later be referred to as the is/ought gap by way of a sophisticated account of human developmental moral psychology (Brennan 2003).
Para los epicúreos, a diferencia do los cirenaicos, el sufrimiento moral era peor qual el sufrimiento fÃsico; ya que sostenÃan de que el cuerpo sufre los males presentes, pero el alma sufre hasta con los recuerdos.
Hay qual tener en cuenta qual son tradiciones qual perviven varios siglos y que van cambiando (A cerca de todo por influencia del neoplatonismo, saiba como le ocurre también al cristianismo en la misma época).
The Stoics realized that we have automatic responses that are not under our control, and that is why they focused on what is under our control: the judgment rendered on the likely causes of our instinctive reactions, a judgment rendered by what Marcus mais informações Aurelius called the ruling faculty (in modern cognitive science terminology: the executive function of the brain).
As far as the Stoics are concerned, however, it is good to remember that “passion†did not mean what we now mean by that term, and indeed it did not even exactly overlap with the term “emotion†in the modern sense of the word. That is why it is grossly incorrect to say that the Stoics aimed at a passionless life, or at the suppression of emotions.
It is important to note that ‘passion’ here isn’t the modern usage we’re familiar with as in enthusiasm or caring about something. As Don Robertson explains in his book, when the Stoics discuss overcoming ‘passions’, which they called patheiai
Without overshadowing his talented counterparts, Cedar commands the stage with a meticulous mix of stoicism and candor.
Because other than their common study of the philosophy, the Stoics were all men of action—and I don’t think this is a coincidence. Marcus Aurelius was emperor of the most powerful empire in the history of the world.
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